Mailbag

Deividson Luiz Okopnik · believed

iptables
iptables-apply
iptables-multi
iptables-restore
iptables-save
iptables-xm

> On my Macbook, I boot off a CDROM by a) putting the CD into the drive,
> b) rebooting the machine, c) and hold down the 'c' key during the
> boot process.

-- 
Chris.
======
I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer god
than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all the other
possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours.
                                           -- Stephen F Roberts

Module Loader present
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,                                                                 
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.

(==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Oct  5 21:15:35 2008                                                                                                                          
(==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"                                                                                                                         
(II) Module "i2c" already built-in                                                                                                                           
(II) Module "ddc" already built-in                                                                                                                         
(II) Module "ramdac" already built-in

waiting for X server to shut down FreeFontPath: 
FPE "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"

refcount is 2, should be 1; fixing.

-- 
Bill Jones
userwilber2003@yahoo.com

deb https://ftp.de.debian.org/debian lenny main contrib non-free
deb https://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrin non-free

-- 
Computer Aided Drafter
Dewberry
200 Broadacres Drive, 4th Floor
Bloomfield, NJ 07003-3154
973.338.9100 ext. 3116
973.338.5860 fax
www.dewberry.com <https://www.dewberry.com>

-- 
Chad Van Maele
https://www.tshirthell.com/store/link.php?id=RGlvbml4

>
> You shuld be able to use Gradint as well if you
> can find someone to record the words and
> phrases for you.

		 Shift+j (or J) - This will brings up the previous line to the end of the current.

> Oh, heck - the classic "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is
> weak"/"The vodka is good but the meat is rotten" problem is going to be
> with us for a long, long time.

There was/is an MT system which translated The spirit is willing,
but the flesh is weak into the Russian equivalent of The vodka is
good, but the steak is lousy, and hydraulic ram into the French
equivalent of water goat. MT is useless.

The `spirit is willing' story is amusing, and it really is a pity that
it is not true. However, like most MT `howlers' it is a fabrication.
In fact, for the most part, they were in circulation long before any
MT system could have produced them (variants of the `spirit is
willing' example can be found in the American press as early as 1956,
but sadly, there does not seem to have been an MT system in America
which could translate from English into Russian  until much more
recently --- for sound strategic reasons, work in the USA had
concentrated on the translation of Russian into English, not the other
way round). Of course, there are real MT howlers. Two of the nicest
are the translation of French  avocat (`advocate', `lawyer' or
`barrister') as avocado, and the translation of Les soldats sont dans
le café as The soldiers are in the coffee. However, they are not as
easy to find as the reader might think, and they certainly do not show
that MT is useless.

tar zxf proj-4.6.0.tar.gz
cd proj-4.6.0/
./configure
make
make install

tar zxf gdal-1.5.2.tar.gz
cd gdal-1.5.2/
./configure
make
make install

tar zxf grass-6.2.3.tar.gz
cd grass-6.2.3/
./configure
make
make install

grass62

WELCOME TO GRASS              Version 6.2.3         2007

   1) Have at your side all available GRASS tutorials

   2) When working on your location, the following materials
      are extremely useful:
      - A topo map of your area
      - Current catalog of available computer maps

   3) Check the GRASS Web pages for feedback mailing lists and more:
      https://grass.itc.it/
      https://grass.ibiblio.edu/

Hit RETURN to continue

Welcome to GRASS 6.2.3 (2007) 
GRASS homepage:                          https://grass.itc.it/
This version running thru:               TC Shell (/bin/tcsh)
Help is available with the command:      g.manual -i
See the licence terms with:              g.version -c
If required, restart the graphical user interface with: gis.m &
When ready to quit enter:                exit

Mapset <PERMANENT> in Location <tuscany>
GRASS 6.2.3 > 

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/SRTM/SRTM_ffB03_p192r030.tif output=192_030
r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/SRTM/SRTM_ffB03_p193r029.tif output=193_029

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/SRTM/SRTM_ffB03_p191r030.tif output=191_030

ERROR: Projection of dataset does not appear to match current location.

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/SRTM/SRTM_ffB03_p191r030.tif output=191_030 location=tuscany2

g.region rast=192_029

g.region -p

projection: 1 (UTM)
zone:       32
datum:      wgs84
ellipsoid:  a=6378137 es=0.00669437999014138
north:      5065399.56462278
south:      4821139.56462278
west:       576236.63839707
east:       828866.63839707
nsres:      90
ewres:      90
rows:       2714
cols:       2807
cells:      7618198

g.region e=968866

r.proj input=191_030 location=tuscany2 output=191_030 method=nearest

r.null map=191_030 setnull=-32768
r.null map=192_029 setnull=-32768
r.null map=192_030 setnull=-32768
r.null map=193_029 setnull=-32768

g.region rast=191_030,192_029,192_030,193_029

r.patch in=191_030,192_029,192_030,193_029 output=elev
r.colors map=elev rules=srtm

g.remove rast=191_030,192_029,192_030,193_029

NDVI = (Band 4 - Band 3) / (Band 4 + Band 3)

Scaled NDVI = 100 (NDVI + 1)

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/GIS/Landsat/p193r029_7t20010801_z32_nn40.tif output=193_29_4 location=landsat

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/GIS/Landsat/p193r029_7t20010801_z32_nn30.tif output=193_29_3

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/GIS/Landsat/p192r029_7t20000620_z32_nn40.tif output=192_29_4
r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/GIS/Landsat/p192r029_7t20000620_z32_nn30.tif output=192_29_3

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/GIS/Landsat/p192r030_7t20000620_z32_nn40.tif output=192_30_4
r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/GIS/Landsat/p192r030_7t20000620_z32_nn30.tif output=192_30_3

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/GIS/Landsat/p191r030_7t20010803_z33_nn40.tif output=191_30_4 location=landsat2
r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/GIS/Landsat/p191r030_7t20010803_z33_nn30.tif output=191_30_3 location=landsat2b

g.region e=968866

r.proj input=191_30_4 location=landsat2 output=191_30_4 method=nearest 
r.proj input=191_30_3 location=landsat2b output=191_30_3 method=nearest 

r.patch -z in=192_29_4,192_30_4,193_29_4,191_30_4 output=Landsat_B4
r.patch -z in=192_29_3,192_30_3,193_29_3,191_30_3 output=Landsat_B3

r.mapcalc "NDVI=(float(Landsat_B4 - Landsat_B3) / (Landsat_B4 + Landsat_B3) + 1)*100"

r.proj input=NDVI location=landsat output=NDVI

v.in.ogr -e dsn=/home/matt/IT/reg2001_s.shp output=reg_boundaries min_area=0.0001 snap=-1 location=italy_reg

v.extract in=reg_boundaries out=tuscany_boundaries new=-1 where="COD_REG=9"

g.region nsres=90
g.region ewres=90

v.to.rast input=tuscany_boundaries output=MASK use=val

v.proj input=tuscany_boundaries location=italy_reg output=tuscany_boundaries

r.proj input=MASK location=italy_reg output=MASK

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/CLC/lceugr100_00/lceugr100_00_pct.tif output=CLC location=CLC

r.proj input=CLC location=CLC output=CLC method=nearest

r.in.gdal -e input=/home/matt/US/landcover13_3k_022007.img output=area13 location=USA

v.in.ogr -o dsn=/home/matt/US/landcover_bndry_030607.shp output=boundaries min_area=0.0001 snap=-1

g.region vect=boundaries

#define REALTEK_VENDER_ID  0x10EC
#define REALTEK_DEVICE_ID   0x8139

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
int init_module(void)
{
    struct pci_dev *pdev;
    pdev = pci_find_device(REALTEK_VENDER_ID, REALTEK_DEVICE_ID, NULL);
    if(!pdev)
        printk("<1>Device not found\n");
    else
        printk("<1>Device found\n");
    return 0;
}

static struct pci_dev* probe_for_realtek8139(void) 
{
        struct pci_dev *pdev = NULL;
        /* Ensure we are not working on a non-PCI system *
        if(!pci_present( )) {
               LOG_MSG("<1>pci not present\n");
               return pdev;
        }

#define REALTEK_VENDER_ID  0x10EC
#define REALTEK_DEVICE_ID  0X8139

        /* Look for RealTek 8139 NIC */
        pdev = pci_find_device(REALTEK_VENDER_ID, REALTEK_DEVICE_ID, NULL);
        if(pdev) {
               /* device found, enable it */
               if(pci_enable_device(pdev)) {
                       LOG_MSG("Could not enable the device\n");
                       return NULL;
               }
               else
                       LOG_MSG("Device enabled\n");
        }
        else {
               LOG_MSG("device not found\n");
               return pdev;
        }
        return pdev;
}

int init_module(void) 
{
        struct pci_dev *pdev;
        pdev = probe_for_realtek8139();
        if(!pdev)
               return 0;

        return 0;
}
struct net_device 
{
  char *name;
  unsigned long base_addr;
  unsigned char addr_len;
  unsigned char dev_addr[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
  unsigned char broadcast[MAX_ADDR_LEN];
  unsigned short hard_header_len;
  unsigned char irq;
  int (*open) (struct net_device *dev);
  int (*stop) (struct net_device *dev);
  int (*hard_start_xmit) (struct sk_buff *skb,  struct net_device *dev);
  struct net_device_stats* (*get_stats)(struct net_device *dev);
  void *priv;
};
struct rtl8139_private 
{
        struct pci_dev *pci_dev;  /* PCI device */
        void *mmio_addr; /* memory mapped I/O addr */
        unsigned long regs_len; /* length of I/O or MMI/O region */
};

#define DRIVER "rtl8139"
static struct net_device *rtl8139_dev;

static int rtl8139_init(struct pci_dev *pdev, struct net_device **dev_out) 
{
        struct net_device *dev;
        struct rtl8139_private *tp;

        /* 
         * alloc_etherdev allocates memory for dev and dev->priv.
         * dev->priv shall have sizeof(struct rtl8139_private) memory
         * allocated.
         */
        dev = alloc_etherdev(sizeof(struct rtl8139_private));
        if(!dev) {
               LOG_MSG("Could not allocate etherdev\n");
               return -1;
        }

        tp = dev->priv;
        tp->pci_dev = pdev;
        *dev_out = dev;

        return 0;
}

int init_module(void) 
{
        struct pci_dev *pdev;
        unsigned long mmio_start, mmio_end, mmio_len, mmio_flags;
        void *ioaddr;
        struct rtl8139_private *tp;
        int i;

        pdev = probe_for_realtek8139( );
        if(!pdev)
               return 0;

        if(rtl8139_init(pdev, &rtl8139_dev)) {
               LOG_MSG("Could not initialize device\n");
               return 0;
        }

        tp = rtl8139_dev->priv; /* rtl8139 private information */

        /* get PCI memory mapped I/O space base address from BAR1 */
        mmio_start = pci_resource_start(pdev, 1);
        mmio_end = pci_resource_end(pdev, 1);
        mmio_len = pci_resource_len(pdev, 1);
        mmio_flags = pci_resource_flags(pdev, 1);

        /* make sure above region is MMI/O */
        if(!(mmio_flags & I/ORESOURCE_MEM)) {
               LOG_MSG("region not MMI/O region\n");
               goto cleanup1;
        }

        /* get PCI memory space */
        if(pci_request_regions(pdev, DRIVER)) {
               LOG_MSG("Could not get PCI region\n");
               goto cleanup1;
        }

        pci_set_master(pdev);

        /* ioremap MMI/O region */
        ioaddr = ioremap(mmio_start, mmio_len);
        if(!ioaddr) {
               LOG_MSG("Could not ioremap\n");
               goto cleanup2;
        }

        rtl8139_dev->base_addr = (long)ioaddr;
        tp->mmio_addr = ioaddr;
        tp->regs_len = mmio_len;

        /* UPDATE NET_DEVICE */

        for(i = 0; i < 6; i++) {  /* Hardware Address */
               rtl8139_dev->dev_addr[i] = readb(rtl8139_dev->base_addr+i);
               rtl8139_dev->broadcast[i] = 0xff;
        }
        rtl8139_dev->hard_header_len = 14;

        memcpy(rtl8139_dev->name, DRIVER, sizeof(DRIVER)); /* Device Name */
        rtl8139_dev->irq = pdev->irq;  /* Interrupt Number */
        rtl8139_dev->open = rtl8139_open;
        rtl8139_dev->stop = rtl8139_stop;
        rtl8139_dev->hard_start_xmit = rtl8139_start_xmit;
        rtl8139_dev->get_stats = rtl8139_get_stats;

        /* register the device */
        if(register_netdev(rtl8139_dev)) {
               LOG_MSG("Could not register netdevice\n");
               goto cleanup0;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int rtl8139_open(struct net_device *dev) { LOG_MSG("rtl8139_open is
called\n"); return 0; }

static int rtl8139_stop(struct net_device *dev) 
{
        LOG_MSG("rtl8139_open is called\n");
        return 0;
}

static int rtl8139_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev) 
{
        LOG_MSG("rtl8139_start_xmit is called\n");
        return 0;
}

static struct net_device_stats* rtl8139_get_stats(struct net_device *dev) 
{
        LOG_MSG("rtl8139_get_stats is called\n");
        return 0;
}
void cleanup_module(void) 
{
        struct rtl8139_private *tp;
        tp = rtl8139_dev->priv;

        iounmap(tp->mmio_addr);
        pci_release_regions(tp->pci_dev);

        unregister_netdev(rtl8139_dev);
        pci_disable_device(tp->pci_dev);
        return;
}
  gcc   - c  rtl8139.c   - D__KERNEL__  -DMODULE   - I /usr/src/linux-2.4.18/include
  insmod  rtl8139.o

#define NUM_TX_DESC 4
struct rtl8139_private 
{
        struct pci_dev *pci_dev;  /* PCI device */
        void *mmio_addr; /* memory mapped I/O addr */
        unsigned long regs_len; /* length of I/O or MMI/O region */
        unsigned int tx_flag;
        unsigned int cur_tx;
        unsigned int dirty_tx;
        unsigned char *tx_buf[NUM_TX_DESC];   /* Tx bounce buffers */
        unsigned char *tx_bufs;        /* Tx bounce buffer region. */
        dma_addr_t tx_bufs_dma;
};

#define TX_BUF_SIZE  1536  /* should be at least MTU + 14 + 4 */
#define TOTAL_TX_BUF_SIZE  (TX_BUF_SIZE * NUM_TX_SIZE)

/* 8139 register offsets */
#define TSD0          0x10
#define TSAD0       0x20
#define RBSTART  0x30
#define CR               0x37
#define CAPR         0x38
#define IMR            0x3c
#define ISR             0x3e
#define TCR           0x40
#define RCR           0x44
#define MPC           0x4c
#define MULINT    0x5c

/* TSD register commands */
#define TxHostOwns    0x2000
#define TxUnderrun    0x4000
#define TxStatOK      0x8000
#define TxOutOfWindow 0x20000000
#define TxAborted     0x40000000
#define TxCarrierLost 0x80000000

/* CR register commands */
#define RxBufEmpty 0x01
#define CmdTxEnb   0x04
#define CmdRxEnb   0x08
#define CmdReset   0x10

/* ISR Bits */
#define RxOK       0x01
#define RxErr      0x02
#define TxOK       0x04
#define TxErr      0x08
#define RxOverFlow 0x10
#define RxUnderrun 0x20
#define RxFIFOOver 0x40
#define CableLen   0x2000
#define TimeOut    0x4000
#define SysErr     0x8000

#define INT_MASK (RxOK | RxErr | TxOK | TxErr | \
               RxOverFlow | RxUnderrun | RxFIFOOver | \
               CableLen | TimeOut | SysErr)

static int rtl8139_open(struct net_device *dev) 
{
        int retval;
        struct rtl8139_private *tp = dev->priv;

        /* get the IRQ
         * second arg is interrupt handler
         * third is flags, 0 means no IRQ sharing
         */
        retval = request_irq(dev->irq, rtl8139_interrupt, 0, dev->name, dev);
        if(retval)
               return retval;

        /* get memory for Tx buffers
         * memory must be DMAable
         */
        tp->tx_bufs = pci_alloc_consistent(
                       tp->pci_dev, TOTAL_TX_BUF_SIZE, &tp->tx_bufs_dma);

        if(!tp->tx_bufs) {
               free_irq(dev->irq, dev);
               return -ENOMEM;
        }

        tp->tx_flag = 0;
        rtl8139_init_ring(dev);
        rtl8139_hw_start(dev);

        return 0;
}

static void rtl8139_init_ring (struct net_device *dev)
{
        struct rtl8139_private *tp = dev->priv;
        int i;

        tp->cur_tx = 0;
        tp->dirty_tx = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < NUM_TX_DESC; i++)
               tp->tx_buf[i] = &tp->tx_bufs[i * TX_BUF_SIZE];

        return;
}

static void rtl8139_hw_start (struct net_device *dev)
{
        struct rtl8139_private *tp = dev->priv;
        void *ioaddr = tp->mmio_addr;
        u32 i;

        rtl8139_chip_reset(ioaddr);

        /* Must enable Tx before setting transfer thresholds! */
        writeb(CmdTxEnb, ioaddr + CR);

        /* tx config */
        writel(0x00000600, ioaddr + TCR); /* DMA burst size 1024 */

        /* init Tx buffer DMA addresses */
        for (i = 0; i < NUM_TX_DESC; i++) {
               writel(tp->tx_bufs_dma + (tp->tx_buf[i] - tp->tx_bufs),
                                      ioaddr + TSAD0 + (i * 4));
        }

        /* Enable all known interrupts by setting the interrupt mask. */
        writew(INT_MASK, ioaddr + IMR);

        netif_start_queue (dev);
        return;
}

static void rtl8139_chip_reset (void *ioaddr)
{
        int i;

        /* Soft reset the chip. */
        writeb(CmdReset, ioaddr + CR);

        /* Check that the chip has finished the reset. */
        for (i = 1000; i > 0; i--) {
               barrier();
               if ((readb(ioaddr + CR) & CmdReset) == 0)
                       break;
               udelay (10);
        }
        return;
}

static int rtl8139_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
{
        struct rtl8139_private *tp = dev->priv;
        void *ioaddr = tp->mmio_addr;
        unsigned int entry = tp->cur_tx;
        unsigned int len = skb->len;
#define ETH_MIN_LEN 60  /* minimum Ethernet frame size */
        if (len < TX_BUF_SIZE) {
               if(len < ETH_MIN_LEN)
                       memset(tp->tx_buf[entry], 0, ETH_MIN_LEN);
               skb_copy_and_csum_dev(skb, tp->tx_buf[entry]);
               dev_kfree_skb(skb);
        } else {
               dev_kfree_skb(skb);
               return 0;
        }
        writel(tp->tx_flag | max(len, (unsigned int)ETH_MIN_LEN), 
                       ioaddr + TSD0 + (entry * sizeof (u32)));
        entry++;
        tp->cur_tx = entry % NUM_TX_DESC;

        if(tp->cur_tx == tp->dirty_tx) {
               netif_stop_queue(dev);
        }
        return 0;
}

struct rtl8139_private 
{
        struct pci_dev *pci_dev;  /* PCI device */
        void *mmio_addr; /* memory mapped I/O addr */
        unsigned long regs_len; /* length of I/O or MMI/O region */
        unsigned int tx_flag;
        unsigned int cur_tx;
        unsigned int dirty_tx;
        unsigned char *tx_buf[NUM_TX_DESC];   /* Tx bounce buffers */
        unsigned char *tx_bufs;        /* Tx bounce buffer region. */
        dma_addr_t tx_bufs_dma;

        struct net_device_stats stats;
        unsigned char *rx_ring;
        dma_addr_t rx_ring_dma;
        unsigned int cur_rx;
};

/* Size of the in-memory receive ring. */
#define RX_BUF_LEN_IDX 2         /* 0==8K, 1==16K, 2==32K, 3==64K */
#define RX_BUF_LEN     (8192 << RX_BUF_LEN_IDX)
#define RX_BUF_PAD     16           /* see 11th and 12th bit of RCR: 0x44 */
#define RX_BUF_WRAP_PAD 2048   /* spare padding to handle pkt wrap */
#define RX_BUF_TOT_LEN  (RX_BUF_LEN + RX_BUF_PAD + RX_BUF_WRAP_PAD)

/* this we have already done */
tp->tx_bufs = pci_alloc_consistent(tp->pci_dev, TOTAL_TX_BUF_SIZE, &tp->tx_bufs_dma);

/* add this code to rtl8139_function */
tp->rx_ring = pci_alloc_consistent(tp->pci_dev, RX_BUF_TOT_LEN, &tp->rx_ring_dma);

if((!tp->tx_bufs)  || (!tp->rx_ring)) {
        free_irq(dev->irq, dev);

        if(tp->tx_bufs) {
                       pci_free_consistent(tp->pci_dev, TOTAL_TX_BUF_SIZE, tp->tx_bufs, tp->tx_bufs_dma);
                       tp->tx_bufs = NULL;
               }
        if(tp->rx_ring) {
                       pci_free_consistent(tp->pci_dev, RX_BUF_TOT_LEN, tp->rx_ring, tp->rx_ring_dma);
                       tp->rx_ring = NULL;
               }
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static void rtl8139_hw_start (struct net_device *dev)
{
        struct rtl8139_private *tp = dev->priv;
        void *ioaddr = tp->mmio_addr;
        u32 i;

        rtl8139_chip_reset(ioaddr);

        /* Must enable Tx/Rx before setting transfer thresholds! */
        writeb(CmdTxEnb | CmdRxEnb, ioaddr + CR);

        /* tx config */
        writel(0x00000600, ioaddr + TCR); /* DMA burst size 1024 */

        /* rx config */
        writel(((1 << 12) | (7 << 8) | (1 << 7) | 
                               (1 << 3) | (1 << 2) | (1 << 1)), ioaddr + RCR);

        /* init Tx buffer DMA addresses */
        for (i = 0; i < NUM_TX_DESC; i++) {
               writel(tp->tx_bufs_dma + (tp->tx_buf[i] - tp->tx_bufs),
                                      ioaddr + TSAD0 + (i * 4));
        }

        /* init RBSTART */
        writel(tp->rx_ring_dma, ioaddr + RBSTART);

        /* initialize missed packet counter */
        writel(0, ioaddr + MPC);

        /* no early-rx interrupts */
        writew((readw(ioaddr + MULINT) & 0xF000), ioaddr + MULINT);

        /* Enable all known interrupts by setting the interrupt mask. */
        writew(INT_MASK, ioaddr + IMR);

        netif_start_queue (dev);
        return;
}
static void rtl8139_interrupt (int irq, void *dev_instance, struct pt_regs *regs) 
{
        struct net_device *dev = (struct net_device*)dev_instance;
        struct rtl8139_private *tp = dev->priv;
        void *ioaddr = tp->mmio_addr;
        unsigned short isr = readw(ioaddr + ISR);

        /* clear all interrupt.
         * Specs says reading ISR clears all interrupts and writing
         * has no effect. But this does not seem to be case. I keep on
         * getting interrupt unless I forcibly clears all interrupt :-(
         */
        writew(0xffff, ioaddr + ISR);

        if((isr & TxOK) || (isr & TxErr)) 
        {
               while((tp->dirty_tx != tp->cur_tx) || netif_queue_stopped(dev))
               {
                       unsigned int txstatus = 
                               readl(ioaddr + TSD0 + tp->dirty_tx * sizeof(int));

                       if(!(txstatus & (TxStatOK | TxAborted | TxUnderrun)))
                               break; /* yet not transmitted */

                       if(txstatus & TxStatOK) {
                               LOG_MSG("Transmit OK interrupt\n");
                               tp->stats.tx_bytes += (txstatus & 0x1fff);
                               tp->stats.tx_packets++;
                       }
                       else {
                               LOG_MSG("Transmit Error interrupt\n");
                               tp->stats.tx_errors++;
                       }

                       tp->dirty_tx++;
                       tp->dirty_tx = tp->dirty_tx % NUM_TX_DESC;

                       if((tp->dirty_tx == tp->cur_tx) & netif_queue_stopped(dev))
                       {
                               LOG_MSG("waking up queue\n");
                               netif_wake_queue(dev);
                       }
               }
        }

        if(isr & RxErr) {
               /* TODO: Need detailed analysis of error status */
               LOG_MSG("receive err interrupt\n");
               tp->stats.rx_errors++;
        }

        if(isr & RxOK) {
               LOG_MSG("receive interrupt received\n");
               while((readb(ioaddr + CR) & RxBufEmpty) == 0)
               {
                       unsigned int rx_status;
                       unsigned short rx_size;
                       unsigned short pkt_size;
                       struct sk_buff *skb;

                       if(tp->cur_rx > RX_BUF_LEN)
                               tp->cur_rx = tp->cur_rx % RX_BUF_LEN;

                       /* TODO: need to convert rx_status from little to host endian
                        * XXX: My CPU is little endian only :-)
                        */
                       rx_status = *(unsigned int*)(tp->rx_ring + tp->cur_rx);
                       rx_size = rx_status >> 16;

                       /* first two bytes are receive status register 
                        * and next two bytes are frame length
                        */
                       pkt_size = rx_size - 4;

                       /* hand over packet to system */
                       skb = dev_alloc_skb (pkt_size + 2);
                       if (skb) {
                               skb->dev = dev;
                               skb_reserve (skb, 2); /* 16 byte align the IP fields */

                               eth_copy_and_sum(
                                      skb, tp->rx_ring + tp->cur_rx + 4, pkt_size, 0);

                               skb_put (skb, pkt_size);
                               skb->protocol = eth_type_trans (skb, dev);
                               netif_rx (skb);

                               dev->last_rx = jiffies;
                               tp->stats.rx_bytes += pkt_size;
                               tp->stats.rx_packets++;
                       } 
                       else {
                               LOG_MSG("Memory squeeze, dropping packet.\n");
                               tp->stats.rx_dropped++;
                       }

                       /* update tp->cur_rx to next writing location  * /
                       tp->cur_rx = (tp->cur_rx + rx_size + 4 + 3) & ~3;

                       /* update CAPR */
                       writew(tp->cur_rx, ioaddr + CAPR);
               }
        }

        if(isr & CableLen)
               LOG_MSG("cable length change interrupt\n");
        if(isr & TimeOut)
               LOG_MSG("time interrupt\n");
        if(isr & SysErr)
               LOG_MSG("system err interrupt\n");
        return;
}
static struct net_device_stats* rtl8139_get_stats(struct net_device *dev)
{
  struct rtl8139_private *tp = dev->priv;
  return &(tp->stats);
}
     mkdir -p /var/lib/images
     dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=2000 of=/var/lib/images/loop.base
     BLK_DEV=$(losetup -f)
     losetup -f $BLK_DEV /var/lib/images/loop.base

     mke2fs $BLK_DEV
     mount $BLK_DEV /mnt
     mkdir /mnt/root
     cd /mnt/root

     wget $DEBOOTSTRAP_URL -o debootstrap.deb
     ar xv debootstrap.deb
     tar xzf data.tar.gz

     chmod +x /mnt/root/usr/sbin/debootstrap
     mkdir -p /usr/share
     DEBOOTSTRAP=/mnt/root/usr/sbin/debootstrap
     DEBOOTSTRAP_DIR=/mnt/root/usr/share/debootstrap
     export DEBOOTSTRAP_DIR

     eval $DEBOOTSTRAP lenny /mnt $DEBIAN_MIR

     rm -rf /mnt/root/*
     cd /

     umount /mnt
     mkdir -p /srv/chroot/lenny
     cat >> /etc/fstab <<EOF
$BLK_DEV /srv/chroot/lenny ext2 defaults 0 0
EOF
     mount /srv/chroot/lenny

     DEB_ROOT_CMD="chroot /srv/chroot/lenny"

     UML_CMD='linux root=/dev/root rootfstype=hostfs rootflags=/ \
       eth0=slirp,,slirp-fullbolt con0=fd:0,fd:1 \
       umid=mkimg init=/bin/bash'

     eval $UML_CMD

     ifconfig eth0 up
     ifconfig eth0 10.0.2.15 netmask 255.255.255.0
     route add default dev eth0

     WKDIR=$HOME/uml
     mkdir -p $WKDIR
     dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=2000 of=$WKDIR/uml.img

     eval $UML_CMD udb0=uml.img

     /etc/init.d/mountkernfs.sh start
     /etc/init.d/udev start
     mount --bind $UML_DIR /lib/modules/
     mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /tmp

     mknod /tmp/ubd0 b 98 0
     BLK_DEV=/tmp/ubd0

     PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
     export PATH

     mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
     chroot /mnt

     apt-get update
     apt-get install udev

     cat >> /etc/fstab <<EOF
/dev/ubda /     ext2 defaults                           0 1
proc    /proc   proc    defaults                        0 0
tmpfs   /tmp    tmpfs   defaults,size=768M              0 0
EOF

     cat >> /etc/network/interfaces <<EOF
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.0.2.15
    netmask 255.255.0.0
    up route add -net 0.0.0.0 dev eth0
    up route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 10.0.2.2
EOF

     cp -a $UML_MOD/. /mnt/lib/modules/.

     umount /mnt/proc
     umount /mnt
     halt -f

     DEB_ROOT_CMD="linux root=/dev/ubda ubd0=$WKDIR/uml.img \
       eth0=slirp,,slirp-fullbolt \
       con0=fd:0,fd:1 con=pty \
       umid=lenny ro"

     QEMU_CMD="qemu -hda image -snapshot -kernel vmlinuz -initrd initrd \
       -append ' root=/dev/hda quiet console=ttyS0 ro single' \
       -no-reboot -nographic"

     eval $QEMU_CMD

     $QEMU_CMD="qemu -hda hdimage -snapshot -boot c -no-reboot"

     eval $QEMU_CMD

     WKDIR=$HOME/qemu
     mkdir -p $WKDIR
     cd $WKDIR
     qemu-img create -f qcow2 lenny.img 500M

     eval $QEMU_CMD -hdb lenny.img 

     mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
     chroot /mnt

     apt-get update
     apt-get install linux-image-2.6-686

     cat >> /etc/fstab <<EOF
/dev/hda /     ext2 defaults                   0 1
proc    /proc   proc    defaults                        0 0
tmpfs   /tmp    tmpfs   defaults,size=768M              0 0
EOF

     cat >> /etc/network/interfaces <<EOF
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.0.2.15
    netmask 255.255.0.0
    up route add -net 0.0.0.0 dev eth0
    up route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 10.0.2.2
EOF

     sed -i -e '/^#T[01]/s/^#//' /etc/inittab

     cat /mnt/boot/vmlinuz* | \
       dbclient user@10.0.2.2 'cat > $WKDIR/vmlinuz'
     cat /mnt/boot/initrd* | \
       dbclient user@10.0.2.2 'cat > $WKDIR/initrd'

     umount /mnt/proc
     umount /mnt
     halt -f

     DEB_ROOT_CMD="qemu -hda $WKDIR/lenny.img \
       -kernel vmlinuz -initrd initrd \
       -append ' root=/dev/hda console=ttyS0 ro' \
       -no-reboot -nographic"

[root@localhost grub]# file stage1
stage1: x86 boot sector, code offset 0x48

e2fs_stage1_5
fat_stage1_5
ffs_stage1_5
iso9660_stage1_5
jfs_stage1_5
minix_stage1_5
reiserfs_stage1_5
ufs2_stage1_5
vstafs_stage1_5
xfs_stage1_5

# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/hdb9
#          initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/hdb
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server   (2.6.18-53.el5)
        root (hd0,0)
        kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-53.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
        initrd /initrd-2.6.18-53.el5.img

    GNU GRUB  version 0.97  (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)

 [Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.  For the first word, TAB
   lists possible command completions.  Anywhere else, TAB lists the possible
   completions of a device/filename.]

grub> 

grub> root (hd0,0)                               
 Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

grub> kernel /<TAB>               
 Possible files are: lost+found grub initrd-2.6.18-8.el5.img System.map-2.6.18-
8.el5 config-2.6.18-8.el5 symvers-2.6.18-8.el5.gz vmlinuz-2.6.18-8.el5

grub> kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-8.el5  ro root=LABEL=/                                                                                                                    
     [Linux-bzImage, setup=0x1e00, size=0x1ad054]

grub> initrd /<TAB>                  
 Possible files are: lost+found grub initrd-2.6.18-8.el5.img System.map-2.6.18-
8.el5 config-2.6.18-8.el5 symvers-2.6.18-8.el5.gz vmlinuz-2.6.18-8.el5

grub> initrd /initrd-2.6.18-8.el5.img
   [Linux-initrd @ 0xfe8a000, 0x15547c bytes]

grub> boot               

#
# inittab       This file describes how the INIT process should set up
#               the system in a certain run-level.
#
# Author:       Miquel van Smoorenburg, 
#               Modified for RHS Linux by Marc Ewing and Donnie Barnes
#

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#   1 - Single user mode
#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
#   3 - Full multiuser mode
#   4 - unused
#   5 - X11
#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#
id:5:initdefault:

# System initialization.
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0
l1:1:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 6

# Trap CTRL-alt-DELETE
ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now

# When our UPS tells us power has failed, assume we have a few minutes
# of power left.  Schedule a shutdown for 2 minutes from now.
# This does, of course, assume you have powerd installed and your
# UPS connected and working correctly.
pf::powerfail:/sbin/shutdown -f -h +2 "Power Failure; System Shutting Down"

# If power was restored before the shutdown kicked in, cancel it.
pr:12345:powerokwait:/sbin/shutdown -c "Power Restored; Shutdown Cancelled"

# Run gettys in standard runlevels
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6

# Run xdm in runlevel 5
x:5:respawn:/etc/X11/prefdm -nodaemon

From: Suzee Goodluck <spammersuzee@/dev/null>
Date: Fri, Oct 24, 2008 at 6:29 AM
Subject: Nice to meet you
To: spammersuzee@/dev/null

November 2008 (#156):

Mailbag

This month's answers created by:

Gazette Matters

Undeliverable mail: Delivery reports about your e-mail

Still Searching

MPPP Problem

iptables configuration in debian

[OT] Booting mackbooks (was Help with Linux !)

Our Mailbag

deleted file recovery

startx problem

What is the policy of apt in lenny ?

How to get fancy terminal ?

Help with Linux !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

apt sources.list for multimedia

How to modify linux console ?

(How do I run/install downloaded programs using linux?)

ISP blues (was: iptables configuration in debain)

Talkback

Talkback:124/smith.html

Talkback:155/xkcd.html

Talkback:155/lg_tips.html

Talkback:152/srinivasan.html

Talkback: [LG 86] 2c Tips #20

News Bytes

Contents:

News in General

Linux Kernel 2.6.27.2 Launched

Mono 2.0 Release - Major Milestone Reached

Who says Open Source isn't about money?

Away with the keyboards and mice!

Which came first, the 3-D printer or the 3-D printer it made?

Conferences and Events

Distro News

Ubuntu 7.04 End of Support on October 19th

Red Hat High Performance Computing (HPC) Solution Launched

Ubuntu 8.10 Server Focuses on Java, Virtualization, and System Management updates

Ubuntu 8.10 To Be Released on October 30th

Debian 4.0r5

Linux Mint 5 Fluxbox Released

Foresight Linux 2.0.5

Software and Product News

Java 6 Updated!

Flash Player 10 Launched

Gnome 2.24

VMWare Workstation 6.5 Released

A (not so) short overview of the Geographic Information System GRASS

Introduction

1.1 Basic features and documentation

1.2 Installing GRASS

1.3 Running GRASS

1.4 Excursus: projections and coordinate systems

1.5 Creating a location: the quest for data

2. Elevation data

2.1 Importing a raster map

2.2 Displaying and patching raster maps

3. Landsat data

3.1 Making a raster map from existing ones

4. Getting state and districts' boundaries

4.1 Managing a vector map

4.2 Vector to raster conversion

5. Land cover map

5.1 Land cover map of US

6. Climatological data

Moving further

Writing Network Device Drivers for Linux

Introduction

Preparing for Driver Development

Starting Driver Development

Detecting the Device

Enabling the Device

Understanding Network Devices

Bus-Independent Device Access

Memory-Mapped I/O

Accessing the device

Port Space Access

Accessing Port Space or I/O mapped devices

Understanding PCI Configuration Space

Initializing net_device